Effects of Red Bull on Young Adults

Effects of cerise bull through on Young Adultsenquiry ProposalAimsThe aim of this discover is to investigate the acute effectuate of boozing a piece of tail of red mother fucker, which includes taurine and caffeine, on nucleus stray and bloodline pressure in brawny spring chicken adults. It is hoped that this study entrust lead to the mandatory economy of the amount of caffeine contained in both muscularity drinks and the mandatory inclusion body of a example label on every can to hopefully eliminate indecent do due(p) to the over employment of thrust drinks.Introduction muscle drinks such as Red Bull, V, Rockstar and M sepa tell atomic get 18 caffeinated bever ages promoted for improving physical performance, concentration, endurance and withal being beneficial in increasing stamina. Young adults, especi completelyy students and athletes, be the target of advertising campaigns by companies that manufacture these beverages. Energy drinks account for rough 2 0 per cent of beverages sold in Australian convenience stores. The fargon Regulation Standing Committee found that energy drinks sales in Australia and New Zealand countenance increased from 34.5 m rachiticion litres in 2001 to 155.6 million litres in 2010.Energy drinks contain varying quantities of caffeine (80500 mg), taurine (10002000 mg), guarana, amino congregation acids, sugar and vitamins. Caffeine is the just about commonly consumed stimulant drug widely distributed, with somewhat 90% of adults lawfully consuming it, merely un alike m any other stimulant drugs, it is legal and unregulated worldwide. At the cellular level, caffeine increases intracellular calcium and releases noradrenaline and intensifies dopamine receptors with stimulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the brains respiratory and vasomotor centers. In wellnessy adults, a caffeine intake of 400 mg/day is conside cerise safe and non likely to result in any indecorous effects. Additional amo unts of caffeine are often found in energy drinks through additives, including guarana, cocoa, yerba mate, and cola nut nut. Guarana is a plant that contains caffeine. 40 to 80 mg of caffeine can be contained in each gram of guarana and it whitethorn as well take a longer half-life due to interactions with other plant compounds. However, these ing expirationients are not required to be listed under the caffeine content by manufacturers consequently the actual caffeine drug in a iodine serving may exceed that listed on the can.Taurine is ane of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. It is alike naturally sit in our diet as it is contained in meat and seafood. Taurine is as well synthesized in the liver from the amino acid cysteine, as well as from other sulphur compounds. It is present in relatively high amounts in skeletal and cardiac muscle and it is involved in the formation of resentment salt, neuronal excitability, cell membrane stability and the modulation of calcium flow. at that place is no evidence of adverse effects in humans in short term studies with large daily doses (6000 mg per day for 42 days) of Taurine.Both caffeine and taurine live with been shown to have direct effects on cardiac function and hemodynamic status. A pilot study on healthy volunteers in the coupled States found that atomic modus operandi 53 can of Red Bull containing 80 mg of caffeine increased BP compared to 80 mg of caffeine alone. Another study investigated the effects of energy drink consumption on hemodynamic and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in healthy young adults and reported a significantly increased heart rate and blood pressure at bottom 4 hours (Steinke and Lanfear). In another study, the influence of a multi constituent energy drink and its individual ingredients on the heart was compared and found that stroke spate and diastolic intake velocity were significantly increased in the red bull sort out compared to a similar drink that contained caffeine but not taurine.A poisons information line in NSW reported almost 300 cases of toxicity due to energy drink consumption, with the average age being 17 years old and the average number of drinks consumed in one session being 5. The most common physical effects reported included peripheral vasodilation, palpitations, agitation, tremor, insomnia and gastrointestinal upset. 128 heap were hospitalized and 21 people had symptoms of serious neurological or cardiac toxicity. Most worrying is the growing trend of young people combining these energy drinks with alcohol. interrogation from the United States has shown that individuals who combine alcohol and caffeinated energy drinks consume to a greater extent(prenominal) alcohol more often compared to individuals who dont consume alcohol and caffeinated energy drinks. It has also shown that that there is a significantly higher prevalence of alcohol related consequences, including alcohol poisoning, impaired driving, ph ysical injury, and sexual victimisation.Energy drinks have antecedently been classified and marketed as dietary supplements, which have minimal regulation. Canada has recently changed their compartmentalization to foods which have tighter regulations. It is time that energy drinks are subjected to greater regulation worldwide, this includes ordinance the amount of caffeine in a single serving. Only a few energy drinks have a fine-print archetype label, which state that they may not be safe for children, caffeine sensitive individuals, or for with child(predicate) or nursing women however this is not mandatory it is up to the family to add this.It should be noted that, although energy drinks have been sold worldwide for more than a decade, only a few published studies have examined their effects on health and well-being. However, studies have not been conducted on an discriminate island universe with a defined population such as this.Research Plan/ MethodsParticipantsThe partic ipants for this study are healthy young adult Islanders from a virtual environment called The Island. The Island provides a unique sample population. 30 Islanders both gender, aged 1830 years leave alone be selected at random using a random number generator and asked if they would like to participate in the study. A minimum and a maximum testament be entered into the random number generator for the number of towns on the island, the number of houses in the town were and also for the number of residents in the house if more than one resident aged 18-35 years old lives in that special(a) house. The study lead be unblinded. Each resident depart be assigned a number from 1-30 with numbers 1-10 receiving the placebo, which contained no caffeine or other stimulant, and thus the control group, numbers 10-20 receiving the 1 Red Bull (80 mg of caffeine) and numbers 20-30 receiving 5 Red Bulls (400 mg of caffeine). Subjects have to correspond a set of inclusion criteria obtained by a m edical chronicle/ task history examination blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, non-smoking, absence of systemic diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, or vascular disease), evidence of abstinence from caffeine or caffeine beverages, and abstinence from use of any systemic drugs and/or alcohol. Subjects depart be excluded if they have blood pressure outside the qualify range, are smokers, if they have a systemic disease, if they have recently ingested caffeine, drugs or alcohol.InstrumentsBrachial artery systemic blood pressure will be assessed by automated sphygmomanometry and pulse rate will be calculated using a heart rate monitor.ProcedureThree solutions were administered Placebo and Energy drinks with 80 mg and 400 mg of caffeine. As a control, 10 of the subjects were required to consume 250 mL of water. Of the two groups consuming the energy drinks one group will be required to drink 1 red bull which contains 80mg caffeine and 1000mg Taurine per 250ml and other group will be required to drink 5 Red Bulls which contains 400 mg caffeine and 5000mg Taurine per 1250ml. The reason we chose the two different doses of Red Bull are due to claims by Red Bull that 1 can of Red Bull contains the same amount of caffeine as a regular cup of coffee, which is 80mg. An extensive review of the scientific literature on caffeine was conducted by Health Canada. They concluded from the review that if the general population of healthy adults limit their consumption of caffeine to 400 mg per day they will not be at risk of any potential adverse effects thus we decided to use a maximum dose of 5 Red Bulls even though there is a warning to not have more than two 250ml cans per day. Measurements of BP and pulse rate were performed onward (resting baseline) and after (30, 60, 90 min) ingestion of each of these solutions.statistical AnalysisThe results for all subjects for each group, at each time point, will be have and presented as the means standard deviation, to allow for st atistical comparison. A one way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be apply to down if there is any difference between all the measured variables. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with SPSS 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. substanceIt is expected that both doses of red bull will increase heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared to the control group however a larger response is expected in the group who consumed 5 cans of red bull. . It is hoped that this study will lead to the mandatory regulation of the amount of caffeine contained in all energy drinks and the mandatory inclusion of a warning label on every can to hopefully eliminate adverse effects due to the overconsumption of energy drinks.ReferencesFranks AM, Schmidt JM, McCain KR, et al. Comparison of the effects of energy drink versus caffeine supplementation on indices of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressur e. Ann Pharmacother 2012 46192-199.Gunja N and Brown JA. Energy drinks Health risks and toxicity. Med J Aust 2012 19646-49.Koczwara K. Moms take to task Are energy drinks safe for teens? Fountain Valley Patch, April 26, 2012.Knowler W. Energy drinks must now carry warnings. Independent Online, May 3, 2012.Szotowska M, Bartmanska M, Wyskida K, et al. Influence of energy drinks on the blood pressure and the pulse rate in healthy young adults. J Hypertension 2012 30 e369.Wolk BJ, Ganetsky M, Babu KM. Toxicity of energy drinks. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012 24243-251.FINERFeasibleThis study is feasible as it has an adequate number of subjects and as the sample size is small, the cost of the trial is reduced. This study also has adequate expertise in the field as all staff members have been instructed by experts in the field on how to use the instruments used to measure heart rate and blood pressure. A nurse will also be present during all experimental procedures to ensure the health and saf ety of all the subjects. James Baglin who is a statistician at RMIT will be assisting with the statistical analysis of the results. The scope of the study is manageable as the experimental procedure only goes for 90 minutes therefore subjects do not have to do repeat testing after this time. Islanders are also easy to contact and find on the Island. This study will be funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council thus lack of funding will not be an issue.InterestingThe study will be hopefully be able to shine a light on the dangers of caffeine in energy drinks in a sample population which is of great benefit to researchers and experts alike and also to the community. allegoryOnly a few published studies have examined the effects of energy drinks on health and well-being. However, studies have not been conducted on an isolated island population with a defined population such as this.Ethical all of the studies participants are healthy young adults aged between 20-35 years who have consented to be in our study. No children, disabled, senior, mentally or physically ill Islanders have been included in the study. There also arent any vulnerable islanders or islanders in dependant relationships in this study. This study is categorise as risk 2 non invasive project as the subjects will be receiving either red bull or placebo and heart rate and blood pressure will be measured over a period of 90 mins. Participants are also not payed in this study.relevantIt is hoped that this study will lead to the mandatory regulation of the amount of caffeine contained in all energy drinks and the mandatory inclusion of a warning label on every can to hopefully eliminate adverse effects due to the overconsumption of energy drinks.